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This article is almost the Christian term. For other uses, run into Born Once again.

Evangelical Christian term

Built-in again, or to experience the new birth, is a phrase, peculiarly in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human spirit. In dissimilarity to ane'due south concrete nascency, being "born again" is distinctly and separately acquired past baptism in the Holy Spirit, it is not caused past baptism in h2o. Information technology is a core doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "Y'all must be built-in once more before you tin see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines also mandate that to exist both "built-in again" and "saved", one must have a personal and intimate human relationship with Jesus Christ.[one] [two] [3] [iv] [5] [6]

In contemporary Christian usage and apart from evangelicalism, the term is distinct from similar terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is beingness or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is usually linked to baptism with water and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to be "born over again" (meaning in the "Holy Spirit") ofttimes state that they have a "personal relationship with Jesus Christ".[7] [5] [6]

In addition to using this phrase with those who practice not profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians apply the phrase and evangelize those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This do is based on the belief that not-Evangelical Christians, fifty-fifty those Christians who are professed Christians, are not "born again" and exercise not have a "personal human relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should deliver to non-Evangelical Christians in the same way that they would evangelize to people who do non profess the Christian organized religion.

The phrase "born again" is also used as an adjective to describe individual members of the movement who espouse this belief, and information technology is also used equally an adjective to depict the move itself ("born-again Christian" and the "born-again movement").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting past Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an event in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were not understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell you lot, no one tin can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again." "How can someone be built-in when they are onetime?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother'due south womb to exist born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell you lot, no one tin enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of h2o and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John chapter 3, verses 3–five, NIV[8]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is ambiguous which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The word translated every bit again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could mean either "once more", or "from above".[9] The double entendre is a effigy of spoken communication that the gospel writer uses to create bewilderment or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is then clarified by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes only the literal meaning from Jesus'south statement, while Jesus clarifies that he means more of a spiritual rebirth from in a higher place. English translations have to pick one sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, King James Version, and Revised Version use "born again", while the New Revised Standard Version[10] and the New English language Translation[eleven] adopt the "born from in a higher place" translation.[12] Most versions will note the alternative sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "born from above" is to exist preferred equally the fundamental meaning and he drew attention to phrases such as "birth of the Spirit",[13] "birth from God",[fourteen] but maintains that this necessarily carries with it an accent upon the newness of the life every bit given by God himself.[fifteen]

The final utilise of the phrase occurs in the First Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version as:

Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, [see that ye] love one some other with a pure eye fervently: / Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.

—1 Peter 1:22-23[16]

Here, the Greek word translated as "born again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish understanding of the promise of salvation is interpreted as being rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, physical lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in mistake—that every person must have two births—natural nascence of the physical trunk and another of the water and the spirit.[18] This discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian belief that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must be "born over again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Apostle Peter further reinforced this understanding in ane Peter 1:23.[xix] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the archaic church over the interpretation of the expression the seed of Abraham. It is [the Apostle Paul's] teaching in 1 instance that all who are Christ's by faith are Abraham'southward seed, and heirs according to hope. He is concerned, however, with the fact that the promise is non existence fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[20]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective alter wrought in the soul past the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such as new birth, resurrection, new life, new creation, renewing of the listen, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to light.[21]

Jesus used the "birth" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine beginning. Contemporary Christian theologians have provided explanations for "born from above" being a more accurate translation of the original Greek word transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is significant:

  1. The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attending to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the word "again" does not include the source of the new kind of beginning;
  2. More than personal comeback is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must exist from God."[23]

An early on example of the term in its more than modern use appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Nativity he writes, "none can exist holy unless he be born once more", and "except he exist built-in again, none can be happy fifty-fifty in this world. For ... a man should not exist happy who is not holy." Besides, "I say, [a human being] may be built-in again and so become an heir of salvation." Wesley also states infants who are baptized are born over again, but for adults it is dissimilar:

our church building supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the aforementioned fourth dimension built-in again. ... Merely ... it is sure all of riper years, who are baptized, are not at the same time built-in again.[24]

A Unitarian work chosen The Gospel Anchor noted in the 1830s that the phrase was not mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "It was not regarded past any of the Evangelists but John of sufficient importance to record." It adds that without John, "we should hardly have known that it was necessary for one to be built-in again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to apply to Nicodemus particularly, and not to the world."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to ascertain how closely the stories of Jesus friction match the historical events they are based on, by and large treat Jesus'south conversation with Nicodemus in John 3 with skepticism. It details what is presumably a individual conversation between Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attending, making it unclear how a record of this chat was acquired. In improver, the conversation is recorded in no other aboriginal Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] According to Bart Ehrman, the larger consequence is that the same problem English translations of the Bible have with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a problem in the Aramaic linguistic communication likewise: there is no single word in Aramaic that means both "once again" and "from above", nevertheless the conversation rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] Every bit the conversation was between two Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native linguistic communication, in that location is no reason to think that they'd accept spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that fifty-fifty if based on a real conversation, the author of John heavily modified it to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a born-again question on iii occasions ... 'Would you say you have been 'born once more' or accept had a 'built-in-once again' experience?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, black, and Latino Protestants tend to answer similarly, with virtually 2-thirds of each group answering in the affirmative. In contrast, only about one third of mainline Protestants and i sixth of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a built-in-again experience." However, the handbook suggests that "built-in-once again questions are poor measures even for capturing evangelical respondents. ... it is likely that people who written report a born-again experience too merits it as an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the classic text from John three was consistently interpreted by the early church building fathers as a reference to baptism.[29] Mod Cosmic interpreters have noted that the phrase 'built-in from higher up' or 'born again'[30] is clarified as 'beingness built-in of h2o and Spirit'.[31]

Catholic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the offset of this new life, are said to come up virtually ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of h2o and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church building regarded as taking identify through baptism."[32]

The Catechism of the Cosmic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "proclamation of the Word, acceptance of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of faith, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and admission to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; it makes the newly baptized person a new creature and an adopted son of God;[34] it incorporates them into the Body of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bond of unity leaving an indelible mark on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the enduring spiritual mark (character) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from bearing the fruits of salvation. Given one time for all, Baptism cannot exist repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each attribute of the motility of grace. "The showtime work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, man turns toward God and abroad from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high."[38]

The Cosmic Church also teaches that nether special circumstances the demand for water baptism can be superseded past the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens die or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul II wrote in Catechesi Tradendae almost "the trouble of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving any other initiation into the faith and nonetheless without any explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[40] He noted that "being a Christian means saying 'yes' to Jesus Christ, but let u.s. remember that this 'aye' has ii levels: It consists of surrendering to the word of God and relying on it, just it also means, at a later stage, endeavoring to know meliorate—and better the profound pregnant of this word."[41]

The modernistic expression being "built-in over again" is really near the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published past the United States Briefing of Catholic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion as, "the acceptance of a personal relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to conform ane'due south life to his."[42] To put it more simply "Conversion to Christ involves making a genuine commitment to him and a personal decision to follow him as his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul II, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required by our modern globe called the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church herself, to the baptized who were never effectively evangelized earlier, to those who have never made a personal commitment to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed past the values of the secular culture, to those who have lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Catholic Men's Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Armed forces Club of Malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal encounter with Jesus Christ as a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The born-again experience is non just an emotional, mystical loftier; the really important thing is what happened in the convert'south life after the moment or period of radical change."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "we are cleansed of our sins and born again and renewed in Holy Baptism by the Holy Ghost. But she also teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Erstwhile Adam and so that daily a new man come forth and arise who walks before God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins after his baptism has once again lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Birth, the Moravian Church holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a joyful experience, in which the individual "accepts Christ equally Lord" after which faith "daily grows within the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived equally a man because he wanted to provide a blueprint for hereafter generations" and "a converted person could effort to live in his image and daily become more than like Jesus."[46] As such, "center religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church building has historically emphasized evangelism, especially missionary work, to spread the faith.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born again is mentioned in the 39 Articles of the Anglican Church in commodity Fifteen, entitled "Of Christ alone without Sin". In part, it reads: "sin, as S. John saith, was not in Him. But all we the rest, although baptized and born again in Christ, all the same offend in many things: and if we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is non in us."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and born over again in Christ" occurs in Article XV, the reference is clearly to the scripture passage in John 3:three.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of one'southward regeneration, which is of comfort to the laic.[fifty] The fourth dimension of i's regeneration, even so, is a mystery to oneself co-ordinate to the Canons of Dort.[fifty]

According to the Reformed churches being built-in once more refers to "the in working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to answer to the effectual call". According to the Westminster Shorter Catechism, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, specially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are made effectual to the elect for salvation."[51] Effectual calling is "the piece of work of God's Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable u.s. to cover Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes organized religion."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole crusade of regeneration or being built-in again is the will of God. God kickoff sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and only in consequence of that practise nosotros act. Therefore, the individual is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God will do. Regeneration is a modify wrought in usa past God, non an autonomous human action performed past us for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Key Yearly Coming together of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial salvation (Tit. 3:five), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. 5:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:15, 16)."[iii] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Birth], there is a "transformation in the centre of the believer wherein he finds himself a new cosmos in Christ (II Cor. 5:17; Col. 1:27)."[three]

Following the New Birth, George Play tricks taught the possibility of "holiness of heart and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new nascence is necessary for salvation because it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with faith."[i] John Wesley, held that the New Birth "is that cracking change which God works in the soul when he brings information technology into life, when he raises information technology from the death of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [1] In the life of a Christian, the new birth is considered the first work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Articles of Religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, land that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new birth."[60] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must be born again.' Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you lot. Admit Him to your center. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and chiliad shalt be saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Birth contains two phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these two phases of the new birth occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, 2 divide and distinct acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial act of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a full release from the penalisation of sin (Romans iii:23-25). This act of divine grace is wrought by faith in the merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans 5:1). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical change in the moral character of man, from the love and life of sin to the dearest of God and the life of righteousness (2 Corinthians 5:17; 1 Peter 1:23). ―Principles of Faith, Emmanuel Clan of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a person is born once again when they believe that Jesus died for their sin, and was buried, and rose again (1 Cor fifteen:3-iv), and that by believing/trusting in Jesus' death, burial and resurrection, eternal life shall be granted every bit a gift by God (John 3:14-xvi, Acts x:43, Romans 6:23). Those who have been built-in over again, according to Baptist instruction, know that they are "a child of God because the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. balls).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Dice Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new birth (first work of grace), unabridged sanctification (2d work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, as evidenced past glossolalia, as the third work of grace.[65] [66] The New Birth, according to Pentecostal education, imparts "spiritual life".[4]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah'southward Witnesses believe that individuals do not have the power to choose to be born again, simply that God calls and selects his followers "from above".[67] But those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to be built-in once again.[68] [69]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the need for everyone to be reborn of God.[70]

Disagreements between denominations [edit]

The term "born once again" is used past several Christian denominations, merely at that place are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in challenge to be built-in-over again Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should ask [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are you born over again—the way the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has non been properly water baptized, he has non been born over again "the Bible way," regardless of what he may think.[71]

On the other hand, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Catholic who claims he also is "born again." ... Nevertheless, what the committed Catholic means is that he received his spiritual nascence when he was baptized—either as an infant or when as an developed he converted to Catholicism. That'southward not what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must exist built-in once more."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which have different meanings for Catholics has get an constructive tool in Rome's ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may be set apart from other outlooks in at least two means.

First, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known as baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may take place at any time in a person's life, even in the womb. Information technology is non somehow the automatic upshot of baptism. Second, it is common for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and organized religion leading to regeneration (i.e., people are born again only afterward they practise saving religion). By contrast, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral ability and will to exercise saving faith. ... Regeneration is entirely the work of God the Holy Spirit - nosotros tin can practise nothing on our own to obtain it. God alone raises the elect from spiritual death to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used diverse metaphors to describe its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the power of the water and the spirit. This remains the common understanding in most of Christendom, held, for instance, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. Notwithstanding, sometime after the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression born again [77] as an experience of religious conversion,[78] symbolized by deep-water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to one'southward own personal faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. This same belief is, historically, as well an integral part of Methodist doctrine,[79] [eighty] and is connected with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has frequently been identified with a definite, temporally datable form of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the will, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual type, it leads to an activation of the capabilities for understanding, to the breakthrough of a "vision". With others it leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the social club of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious significant of history. With still others it leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of love of neighbor. ... each person affected perceives his life in Christ at any given fourth dimension as "newness of life."[82]

According to J. Gordon Melton:

Born over again is a phrase used by many Protestants to describe the phenomenon of gaining faith in Jesus Christ. It is an experience when everything they have been taught as Christians becomes real, and they develop a straight and personal relationship with God.[83]

Co-ordinate to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to be judgmental, making a distinction betwixt genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, similar the distinction betwixt liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems historic, like the sectionalisation between Cosmic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] usually includes the notion of human choice in salvation and excludes a view of divine election past grace alone.[84]

The term born again has get widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the late 1960s, start in the United States then around the world. Associated mayhap initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, born again came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in order to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in sky, and was increasingly used as a term to identify devout believers.[12] By the mid-1970s, born over again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as function of the born again movement.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson'southward book Born Again gained international discover. Time magazine named him "One of the 25 most influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent so that during the yr's presidential campaign, Autonomous political party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself equally "built-in over again" in the get-go Playboy magazine interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to faith in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a significant office in solidifying the "built-in again" identity as a cultural construct in the US. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to have a "personal come across with God." He recalls:

while I sat lonely staring at the sea I love, words I had non been certain I could sympathise or say fell from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in Yous. I accept Yous. Please come into my life. I commit it to You." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my center. At that place came something more: strength and serenity, a wonderful new assurance about life, a fresh perception of myself in the world around me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the offset President of the United States to publicly declare that he was born-again, in 1976.[87] By the 1980 campaign, all 3 major candidates stated that they had been built-in again.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] state that "Ronald Reagan'southward election that fall [was] aided by the votes of 61% of 'born-again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Organization reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.S. adults said they were born-once again or evangelical; the 2004 percentage is 41%" and that, "Black Americans are far more likely to identify themselves as born-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks saying they are born-once again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more likely to say they are born-over again (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[ninety]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'born-once more' identification is associated with lower support for authorities anti-poverty programs." It too notes that "self-reported born-once more" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[91]

Names which accept been inspired past the term [edit]

The idea of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some common European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Croatian Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which mean "reborn", "born over again".[93]

See too [edit]

  • Altar phone call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held past major Christian denomination
  • Born-over again virgin – Person who commits to abstinence after having had sexual intercourse
  • Child dedication – Act of consecration of children
  • Jesus motion – Former evangelical Christian movement
  • Dvija – Twice-built-in condition of Hindu male after Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View within Christian theology
  • Sinner'due south prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Faith. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved x Apr 2014. The new birth is necessary for salvation because it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with faith.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the Full general History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. 50. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Manual of Faith and Practice of Primal Yearly Meeting of Friends. Fundamental Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Forest, William Westward. (1965). Culture and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Religion. Mouton & Company. p. 18. ISBN978-3-11-204424-7.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of evolution: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford University Press. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. A senior staff member in World Vision's California office elaborated on the importance of being "born again," emphasizing a fundamental "relationship" betwixt individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal relationship with Christ [is] that information technology's not just a matter of going to Christ or existence baptized when you are an baby. We believe that people demand to be regenerated. They need a spiritual rebirth. The need to be built-in over again. ...You must exist born once again earlier y'all can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Sky."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the stardom of a born once more believer is a personal experience of God that leads to a personal relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Toll, Robert 1000. (1993). Beyond Born Again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Press. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. I have a personal human relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John 3:3-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick W., et al, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, third ed (Chicago: University of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically see the first (from above) and fourth (again, afresh) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:three Internet
  11. ^ Jn 3:3 NET
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn one:5
  14. ^ cf. Jn 1:12-13; 1Jn 2:29, iii:9, iv:vii, 5:18
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.Northward.(ed), The Fourth Gospel, Faber & Faber second ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter 1:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Away the Veil: To See Beyond the Curtain of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-viii.
  19. ^ 1Peter ane:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Visitor, 1911. 15 November 2009.[1]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Volume III - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Lexicon. 30 July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-vi
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel anchor. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [ii]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Born Once more" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved xi September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament IVa, John one-10 (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John iii:3
  31. ^ John 3:5
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  34. ^ 2 Corinthians 5:17; 2 Peter 1:4
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External links [edit]

  • The New Nascence, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley'south teaching on being born again, and argument that it is fundamental to Christianity.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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